Intestinal Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Apr 30;73(16):2089-2105. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.024.

Abstract

Despite major strides in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden with modification of classic CVD risk factors, significant residual risks remain. Recent discoveries that linked intestinal microbiota and CVD have broadened our understanding of how dietary nutrients may affect cardiovascular health and disease. Although next-generation sequencing techniques can identify gut microbial community participants and provide insights into microbial composition shifts in response to physiological responses and dietary exposures, provisions of prebiotics or probiotics have yet to show therapeutic benefit for CVD. Our evolving understanding of intestinal microbiota-derived physiological modulators (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and pathogenic mediators (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide) of host disease susceptibility have created novel potential therapeutic opportunities for improved cardiovascular health. This review discusses the roles of human intestinal microbiota in normal physiology, their associations with CVD susceptibilities, and the potential of modulating intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for CVD.

Keywords: dysbiosis; intestinal microbiota; secondary bile acids; short-chain fatty acid; trimethylamine N-oxide.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Dysbiosis / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / physiology*
  • Health Status*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Prebiotics / administration & dosage*
  • Probiotics / therapeutic use
  • Reference Values
  • Risk Assessment

Substances

  • Prebiotics