HAS-BLED Score Predicts the Risk of Major Bleeding in Chronic Anticoagulation after Lower Limb Surgical Revascularization

Ann Vasc Surg. 2019 Aug:59:190-194. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.01.022. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Abstract

Background: Anticoagulant drugs are sometimes used after lower limb surgical bypass to improve patency. There are no bleeding risk scores validated specifically for patients with peripheral arterial disease. The HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, stroke, history of or predisposition to bleeding, labile international normalized ratio (INR), elderly age [>65 years], and drugs or alcohol) score is a validated and frequently used tool to estimate the risk of major bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. The objective of this study was to access the efficacy of the HAS-BLED score in predicting bleeding risk after lower limb bypass revascularization.

Methods: This study involved "secondary analysis of a retrospective database that includes patients with lower limb revascularization that was anticoagulated with acenocoumarol after hospital discharge." Consecutive patients treated between January 2014 and May 2016 were included. Patients previously on anticoagulants and patients on hemodialysis were excluded.

Results: Sixty-nine patients were included, 73.9% were males, with a mean age of 65 years. At 1-year follow-up, major bleeding occurred in 18.8% of patients. In this study, 52.1% of patients had HAS-BLED score ≥3. This subgroup had increased incidence of major bleeding: 33.3% compared to 0 risk factor (0%), 1 risk factor (0%), and 2 risk factors (4.2%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, HAS-BLED score presented good association with major bleeding risk. It can be used as a tool for decision-making for the prescription of anticoagulants after lower limb revascularization. The prevalence of high scores is substantial, presuming high bleeding risk in this high-risk population.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticoagulants / administration & dosage
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects*
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Databases, Factual
  • Decision Support Techniques*
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Female
  • Hemorrhage / chemically induced*
  • Hemorrhage / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Lower Extremity / blood supply*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Selection
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease / diagnostic imaging
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease / epidemiology
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease / surgery*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Surgical Procedures / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Anticoagulants