The bias between different albumin assays may affect clinical decision-making

Kidney Int. 2019 Jun;95(6):1514-1517. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.042. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Abstract

Differences between laboratory assays can have important clinical implications. For creatinine assays this became apparent soon after the introduction of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula and resulted in international efforts towards standardization. Albumin in blood is measured by different assays, either chromogenic using Bromocresol green (BCG) or Bromocresol purple (BCP), or by an immunoassay. Since differences between these assays have received limited attention we evaluated bias and imprecision of BCG and BCP assays in comparison to the immunoassay using blood samples from patients with membranous nephropathy and nephrotic syndrome. For the BCG assay, the mean bias was high (6.2 g/l, with a standard deviation of 2.4 g/l) compared to a bias of 0.3 g/l (standard deviation 1.5 g/l) for the BCP assay. Importantly, we questioned clinical relevance by evaluating the accuracy of the decision toward the use of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. Notably, nephrologists may reach inappropriate treatment decisions using the BGC assay in up to 59% of patients. Thus, our study should stimulate efforts towards standardization of the albumin assays.

Keywords: glomerulonephritis; membranous nephropathy; nephrotic syndrome.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Bias
  • Bromcresol Green / chemistry
  • Bromcresol Purple / chemistry
  • Clinical Decision-Making / methods*
  • Female
  • Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / blood
  • Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / complications
  • Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / diagnosis*
  • Humans
  • Hypoalbuminemia / blood
  • Hypoalbuminemia / diagnosis*
  • Hypoalbuminemia / epidemiology
  • Hypoalbuminemia / etiology
  • Immunoturbidimetry / standards
  • Indicators and Reagents / chemistry
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / blood
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / etiology
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / standards*
  • Reference Values
  • Serum Albumin / analysis*
  • Serum Albumin / standards
  • Thrombosis / etiology
  • Thrombosis / prevention & control

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
  • Serum Albumin
  • Bromcresol Purple
  • Bromcresol Green