Cyanide-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Methacrylic Esters from Acetone

Methacrylic esters, represented by methyl methacrylate (MMA), are widely used as commodity chemicals. Here, the one-pot synthesis of methacrylic esters from acetone, a haloform and alcohols in the presence of an organic base is described. Using DBU as the organic base for the reaction of acetone, chloroform and methanol in acetonitrile afforded MMA in 66 % yield. When the solvent was replaced by benzonitrile, the product MMA was successfully purified by distillation. Applicability of this process to various alcohols was also investigated to show ethyl, phenyl, CF₃ CH₂ , and n-C₆ F₁₃ CH₂ CH₂ esters were obtained in moderate yields. The use of bromoform instead of chloroform resulted in the improvement of the yield, for example, methyl and n-C₆ F₁₃ CH₂ CH₂ esters up to 81 and 70 %, respectively. The reaction with deuterated starting materials acetone-d₆ and MeOH-d₄ , with DBU in acetonitrile afforded deuterated MMA (MMA-d₈ ) in 70 % yield.