Abstract
Muscle loss due to fibrotic or adipogenic replacement of myofibers is common in muscle diseases and muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic precursors (FAPs) are implicated in this process. While FAP-mediated muscle fibrosis is widely studied in muscle diseases, the role of FAPs in adipogenic muscle loss is not well understood. Adipogenic muscle loss is a feature of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) - a disease caused by mutations in dysferlin. Here we show that FAPs cause the adipogenic loss of dysferlin deficient muscle. Progressive accumulation of Annexin A2 (AnxA2) in the myofiber matrix causes FAP differentiation into adipocytes. Lack of AnxA2 prevents FAP adipogenesis, protecting against adipogenic loss of dysferlinopathic muscle while exogenous AnxA2 enhances muscle loss. Pharmacological inhibition of FAP adipogenesis arrests adipogenic replacement and degeneration of dysferlin-deficient muscle. These results demonstrate the pathogenic role of FAPs in LGMD2B and establish these cells as therapeutic targets to ameliorate muscle loss in patients.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adipocytes / pathology
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Adipogenesis / drug effects
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Adipose Tissue / metabolism*
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Adipose Tissue / pathology
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Adolescent
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Age of Onset
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Animals
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Annexin A2 / metabolism
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Case-Control Studies
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Dysferlin / genetics
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Elapid Venoms / toxicity
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Female
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Fibrosis
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Humans
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In Vitro Techniques
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Male
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Mice
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / drug effects
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism*
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / pathology
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Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects
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Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
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Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
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Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle / genetics
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Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle / metabolism*
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Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle / pathology
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Phenylalanine / analogs & derivatives
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Phenylalanine / pharmacology
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Protease Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Severity of Illness Index
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Stem Cells / cytology*
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Stem Cells / drug effects
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Thiophenes / pharmacology
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Young Adult
Substances
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Annexin A2
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Anxa2 protein, mouse
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DYSF protein, human
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Dysf protein, mouse
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Dysferlin
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Elapid Venoms
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Protease Inhibitors
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Thiophenes
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notexin
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Phenylalanine
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batimastat
Supplementary concepts
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Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2B