The survivorship experience for patients with metastatic melanoma on immune checkpoint and BRAF-MEK inhibitors

J Cancer Surviv. 2019 Aug;13(4):503-511. doi: 10.1007/s11764-019-00770-0. Epub 2019 Jun 4.

Abstract

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BMi) have improved survival in metastatic melanoma (MM). However, the experience of long-term responders remains undescribed. This study characterised survivorship issues faced by long-term responders to ICI or BMi.

Methods: Patients with MM, aged ≥ 18 years old, ≥ 6 months post-ICI or BMi initiation with an objective response or stable disease. A 72-question survey assessed physical and psychological effects, impact on lifestyle, access to information, satisfaction with care, and availability of supports.

Results: One hundred and five of 120 (88%) patients completed the survey (ICI 69/BMI 36). For the ICI cohort, 39 (57%) were receiving ongoing treatment, 17 ceased due to toxicity and 13 due to a sustained response. For the BMi cohort, 31 (85%) were receiving ongoing treatment, 4 ceased due to toxicity and 1 due to a sustained complete response. At data cut-off on 18 December 2018, median PFS (range) was 2.5 years (1.3-8.5) for ICI and 3.1 years (0.6-7.3) for BMi. Long-term toxicities included dry/itchy skin (ICI 51, 74%/ BMi 25, 69%), arthralgias (ICI 30, 58%/ BMi 23, 64%) and fatigue (ICI 62, 90%/ BMi 33, 92%). Psychological morbidity was common, including anxiety awaiting results (ICI 50, 72%/ BMi 29, 81%), fear of melanoma recurring or progressing (ICI 56, 81%/ BMi 31, 86%) or death (ICI 44, 64%/ BMi 26, 72%).

Conclusion: MM survivors experience chronic treatment toxicities and frequently report psychological concerns.

Implications for cancer survivors: Survivors may benefit from discussions regarding long-term toxicities and tailored psychological supports.

Keywords: Immunotherapy; Malignant melanoma; Protein kinase inhibitors; Quality of life; Survivorship.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Cancer Survivors* / psychology
  • Cancer Survivors* / statistics & numerical data
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints / drug effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Male
  • Melanoma / drug therapy*
  • Melanoma / mortality
  • Melanoma / pathology*
  • Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
  • Middle Aged
  • Needs Assessment
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Skin Neoplasms / mortality
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Survivorship*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • BRAF protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases