Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases in aged ≥80 oldest-olds and related factors influencing their daily activities. Methods: This survey was conducted in the retired cadres in Beijing from 2012 to 2014. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics of the oldest-olds and the activities of daily living (ADL). Information on chronic diseases was extracted from related medical records. Results: A total of 4 472 male oldest- olds, with an average age as (87.1±3.9) years (80-102 years), were included. Nearly half of the elderly people were suffering from 5 or more kinds of chronic diseases, with 43.9% of them having disability on basic daily activities (BADL) with 13.4% of those classified as moderate or severe cases. 38.8% of them had instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability, with 28.7% of them were moderate or severe cases. The ADL disability showed an increasing trend along with the increase number of chronic diseases. The proportion of BADL disability increased from 40.5% to 50.6%. Compared with the ones having fewer chronic diseases (≤2 kinds), those with more (≥7 kinds) had an increase of 50.5% risk on BADL disability and 199.4% on IADL disability. Conclusion: We noticed that the male oldest-olds suffered from multiple chronic diseases. The impairment of ADL was higher than the younger elderly. Comorbidity showed heavier impact on ADL, especially on the instrumental activities of daily living.
目的： 探讨高龄保健人群慢性病的患病情况，并分析其对日常活动能力的影响。 方法： 2012－2014年，采用统一的健康调查表，对北京市驻京部队干休所全部≥80岁老年人进行日常生活活动能力状况调查。通过病例记录，获得其慢性病患病情况。 结果： 纳入4 472名男性高龄老年人，年龄（87.1±3.9）岁（80~102岁）。慢性病患病数量为0~10（M=4）种，其中约50%患有≥5种慢性病。基本日常生活活动能力（BADL）受损的比例为43.9%，中度及重度功能障碍者达到了13.4%。工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）受损的比例为38.8%，中度及重度功能障碍者达到28.7%。随着慢性病数量的增加，日常生活活动能力逐渐下降。BDAL受损的比例从40.5%增加到50.6%。IADL受损的比例也随着慢性病数量显著增加，从24.7%增加到49.5%。相对于慢性病数量较低者（≤2种），患有≥7种慢性病者其BADL受损的风险增加了50.5%，IADL受损的风险增加了199.4%。 结论： 男性高龄保健人群多病共存和日常生活活动能力受损情况严重，且多病共存对IADL的影响较大。.
Keywords: Activity of daily living; Chronic disease; Cross sectional survey; Oldest-old.