Management of the toxicity of chemotherapy and targeted therapies in elderly cancer patients

Clin Transl Oncol. 2020 Apr;22(4):457-467. doi: 10.1007/s12094-019-02167-y. Epub 2019 Jun 25.

Abstract

The elderly form a very heterogeneous group in relation to their general health state, degree of dependence, comorbidities, performance status, physical reserve and geriatric situation, so cancer treatment in the older patient remains a therapeutic challenge. The physiological changes associated with aging increase the risk of developing a serious toxicity induced by chemotherapy treatment, as well as other undesirable consequences as hospitalizations, dependence and non-compliance with treatment, that can negatively affect survival, quality of life and treatment efficacy. The use of hematopoietic growth factors and other active supportive interventions in the elderly can help prevent and/or alleviate these toxicities. However, we have little data on the efficacy and tolerance of support treatments in the older patient. The objective of this work is to review the most frequent toxicities of oncological treatments in the elderly and their management.

Keywords: Cancer; Chemotherapy; Elderly; Support treatments; Toxicity.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anemia / therapy
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects*
  • Cardiovascular System / drug effects
  • Diarrhea / therapy
  • Fatigue / therapy
  • Geriatric Assessment
  • Humans
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy / adverse effects*
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Neutropenia / therapy
  • Patient Compliance

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents