Screening and Prophylaxis to Prevent Hepatitis B Reactivation: Introduction and Immunology

Joe Sasadeusz; Andrew Grigg; Peter D Hughes; Seng Lee Lim; Michaela Lucas; Geoff McColl; Sue Anne McLachlan; Marion G Peters; Nicholas Shackel; Monica Slavin; Vijaya Sundararajan; Alexander Thompson; Joseph Doyle; James Rickard; Peter De Cruz; Robert G Gish; Kumar Visvanathan

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2019.04.009

Screening and Prophylaxis to Prevent Hepatitis B Reactivation: Introduction and Immunology

Clin Liver Dis. 2019 Aug;23(3):487-492. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.04.009. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Authors

Joe Sasadeusz¹, Andrew Grigg², Peter D Hughes³, Seng Lee Lim⁴, Michaela Lucas⁵, Geoff McColl⁶, Sue Anne McLachlan⁷, Marion G Peters⁸, Nicholas Shackel⁹, Monica Slavin¹⁰, Vijaya Sundararajan¹¹, Alexander Thompson¹², Joseph Doyle¹³, James Rickard², Peter De Cruz¹⁴, Robert G Gish¹⁵, Kumar Visvanathan¹²

Affiliations

¹ Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
³ University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
⁴ National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
⁵ University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
⁶ University of Queensland Oral Health Centre, 288 Herston Road, Queensland 4006, Australia.
⁷ St Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
⁸ University of California, San Francisco, S357 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
⁹ Ingham Institute, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia.
¹⁰ Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
¹¹ University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
¹² University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
¹³ The Alfred and Monash University, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
¹⁴ University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
¹⁵ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

PMID: 31266622
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.04.009

Abstract

Current recommendations concerning hepatitis C virus (HBV) reactivation are limited, with nearly all guidelines focused on its occurrence in patients with hematological malignancies or some solid tumors, who are treated with immunosuppressive therapies. Few of the guidelines address reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppression with organ transplants or treatment with any of the many immunosuppressive agents in use today for the treatment of multiple different diseases, or in patients receiving the direct-acting antivirals used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This article covers the immunology of HBV reactivation, mechanisms of viral clearance, and recommendations for screening and prophylaxis.

Keywords: Adaptive; Hepatitis B immunology; Hepatitis B virus; Innate; Prophylaxis; Reactivation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adaptive Immunity / drug effects
Adaptive Immunity / immunology*
Female
Hepatitis B / physiopathology
Hepatitis B / virology*
Hepatitis B virus / physiology*
Humans
Immunity, Innate / drug effects
Immunity, Innate / immunology*
Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
Male
Mass Screening / methods
Primary Prevention
Prognosis
Risk Assessment
Virus Activation / immunology*

Substances

Immunosuppressive Agents