Abstract
Dying cell clearance is critical for myriad biological processes such as tissue homeostasis. We herein report an enzyme-activated fluorescence cell labeling approach and its use for multicolor imaging of dying cell clearance. Diacetylated 4-hydroxymandelic acid (DHA)-conjugated dyes give rise to reactive quinone methides upon deacetylation in live cells, which in turn covalently labels cellular proteins. With partner cells tagged with distinct fluorescence, apoptotic cell clearance by Raw 264.7 macrophages and epithelial HeLa cells was captured by confocal microscopy, showing the potential of DHA-based cell labeling for investigating cell-cell interactions.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis*
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Cattle
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Coumarins / chemical synthesis
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Coumarins / chemistry
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Coumarins / toxicity
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Esterases / chemistry
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Fluoresceins / chemical synthesis
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Fluoresceins / chemistry
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Fluoresceins / toxicity
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Fluorescence
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Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
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Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry*
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Fluorescent Dyes / toxicity
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Humans
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Mandelic Acids / chemical synthesis
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Mandelic Acids / chemistry*
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Mandelic Acids / toxicity
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Mice
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Microscopy, Confocal / methods
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Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods
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Necrosis*
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Proof of Concept Study
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RAW 264.7 Cells
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Rhodamines / chemical synthesis
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Rhodamines / chemistry
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Rhodamines / toxicity
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Staining and Labeling / methods
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Swine
Substances
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Coumarins
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Fluoresceins
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Fluorescent Dyes
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Mandelic Acids
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Rhodamines
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Esterases