Nonreciprocal Spin Current Generation in Surface-Oxidized Copper Films

Phys Rev Lett. 2019 May 31;122(21):217701. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.217701.

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal generation of spin current (J_{s}) in a surface-oxidized copper film. The efficiency of conversion is at least 320 times larger than the inverse conversion. This nonreciprocity is due to a novel type of J_{s} generation, which relies on the transfer of angular momentum from the velocity field of free electrons. A gradient in the electrical mobility in the film produces vorticity in the in-plane drift velocity of the free electrons. The inverse process can hardly occur when J_{s} is collinear with the gradient in the electrical mobility.