United States Valuation of EQ-5D-5L Health States Using an International Protocol

A Simon Pickard; Ernest H Law; Ruixuan Jiang; Eleanor Pullenayegum; James W Shaw; Feng Xie; Mark Oppe; Kristina S Boye; Richard H Chapman; Cynthia L Gong; Alan Balch; Jan J V Busschbach

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.009

United States Valuation of EQ-5D-5L Health States Using an International Protocol

Value Health. 2019 Aug;22(8):931-941. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.009. Epub 2019 May 25.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
³ Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA.
⁵ McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
⁶ Axentiva Solutions, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
⁷ Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
⁸ Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, Boston, MA, USA.
⁹ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Patient Advocate Foundation, Hampton, VA, USA.
¹¹ Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

PMID: 31426935
DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.009

Abstract

Objective: To derive a US-based value set for the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire using an international, standardized protocol developed by the EuroQol Group.

Methods: Respondents from the US adult population were quota-sampled on the basis of age, sex, ethnicity, and race. Trained interviewers guided participants in completing composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks using the EuroQol Valuation Technology software and routine quality control measures. Data were modeled using a Tobit model for cTTO data, a mixed logit model for DCE data, and a hybrid model that combined cTTO and DCE data. Model performance was compared on the basis of logical ordering of coefficients, statistical significance, parsimony, and theoretical considerations.

Results: Of 1134 respondents, 1062, 1099, and 1102 respondents provided useable cTTO, DCE, and cTTO or DCE responses, respectively, on the basis of quality control criteria and interviewer judgment. Respondent demographic characteristics and health status were similar to the 2015 US Census. The Tobit model was selected as the preferred model to generate the value set. Values ranged from -0.573 (55 555) to 1 (11 111), with 20% of all predicted health states scores less than 0 (ie, worse than dead).

Conclusions: A societal value set for the EQ-5D-5L was developed that can be used for economic evaluations and decision making in US health systems. The internationally established, standardized protocol used to develop this US-based value set was recommended by the EuroQol Group and can facilitate cross-country comparisons.

Keywords: EQ-5D; United States; cost-utility analysis; quality-adjusted life-year; stated preference; utility; value.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cost-Benefit Analysis / methods*
Cost-Benefit Analysis / standards
Decision Making
Ethnicity
Female
Health Status*
Humans
Interviews as Topic
Male
Mental Health
Middle Aged
Patient Preference
Quality of Life*
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Racial Groups
Severity of Illness Index
Sex Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires / standards*
United States
Young Adult