Rhabdomyolysis: a rare adverse effect of levetiracetam

BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Aug 26;12(8):e230851. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230851.

Abstract

A 62-year-old previously healthy male was admitted with new onset generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Treatment was initiated with the antiepileptic levetiracetam and he had no further episodes of seizures. Creatine kinase (CPK) level was 1812 IU/L 12-hour postadmission. Despite good hydration, his CPK levels continued to rise dramatically and reached a level of 19 000 IU/L on day 5. This rise was unexplained as he did not have any further seizures and had a normal renal function. In the absence of other risk factors, the rare possibility of levetiracetam being responsible for the disproportionately high CPK was considered. Within 12 hours of withdrawal of levetiracetam, there was a downward trend in the CPK levels, with a 10-fold decrease in CPK levels over the next 4 days. This is only the ninth case reported in literature regarding this rare and potentially serious adverse effect of levetiracetam.

Keywords: epilepsy and seizures; musculoskeletal and joint disorders; neurology (drugs and medicines).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anticonvulsants / administration & dosage
  • Anticonvulsants / adverse effects
  • Creatine Kinase / blood*
  • Drug Substitution / methods*
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / blood
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / diagnosis
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / etiology
  • Humans
  • Levetiracetam* / administration & dosage
  • Levetiracetam* / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurologic Examination
  • Phenytoin / administration & dosage
  • Rhabdomyolysis* / blood
  • Rhabdomyolysis* / chemically induced
  • Rhabdomyolysis* / diagnosis
  • Rhabdomyolysis* / therapy
  • Seizures / diagnosis
  • Seizures / drug therapy*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants
  • Levetiracetam
  • Phenytoin
  • Creatine Kinase