Prognostic factors for the sequelae and severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children

Muscle Nerve. 2019 Dec;60(6):716-723. doi: 10.1002/mus.26706. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis. Our aim in this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the long-term sequelae of GBS in a French pediatric population.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective study we evaluated clinical signs, radiological examinations, laboratory tests, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: One hundred ten children were included in this investigation. These children presented with walking difficulties, muscle weakness, and cranial nerve impairment. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed 70% with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and 16% with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). One hundred children received immunoglobulins. At follow-up, 77% were cured, whereas 9% had sequelae, associated with an axonal form (P < .01) and a short interval between symptom onset and hospitalization (P < .01). The need for intubation was correlated with peripheral facial paralysis (P < .01) and dysautonomia (P < .01).

Discussion: Although AIDP and AMAN present in a similar way, the axonal form is associated with a worse outcome.

Keywords: Guillain-Barré syndrome; children; dysautonomia; outcome; sequelae.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Facial Paralysis / etiology
  • Facial Paralysis / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • France
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / complications
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / physiopathology*
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intubation, Intratracheal / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Neural Conduction
  • Primary Dysautonomias / etiology
  • Primary Dysautonomias / physiopathology*
  • Prognosis
  • Recovery of Function
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Time Factors