1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
2 Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
3 Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
4 Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
5 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
6 Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
7 Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
8 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
9 Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.