JNK-IN-8, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, improves functional recovery through suppressing neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke

J Cell Physiol. 2020 Mar;235(3):2792-2799. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29183. Epub 2019 Sep 20.

Abstract

C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a pivotal MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), which activated by ischemia brain injury and plays a fairly crucial function in cerebral ischemic injury. Emerging studies demonstrated that JNK-IN-8 (a JNK inhibitor with high specificity) regulates traumatic brain injury through controlling neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. However, the function of JNK-IN-8 in ischemic stroke and the mechanisms underlying of JNK-IN-8 about neuroprotection are not well understood. In this work, male rats were treated with JNK-IN-8 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and then the modified improved neurological function score (mNSS), the foot-fault test (FFT), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were assessed. We found that JNK-IN-8-treated rats with MCAO exerted an observable melioration in space learning as tested by the improved mNSS, and showed sensorimotor functional recovery as measured by the FFT. JNK-IN-8 also played anti-inflammatory roles as indicated through decreased activation of microglia and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression. Furthermore, JNK-IN-8 suppressed the activation of JNK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling as indicated by the decreased level of phosphorylated-JNK and p65. All data demonstrate that JNK-IN-8 inhibits neuroinflammation and improved neurological function by inhibiting JNK/NF-κB and is a promising agent for the prevention of ischemic brain injury.

Keywords: JNK; JNK-IN-8; NF-κB; ischemia brain injury; neuroinflammation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic / drug therapy*
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic / pathology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / drug therapy*
  • Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / pathology
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Interleukin-1beta / analysis
  • Interleukin-6 / analysis
  • Ischemic Stroke / drug therapy*
  • Ischemic Stroke / pathology
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Learning / drug effects
  • Male
  • Microglia / metabolism
  • Middle Cerebral Artery / pathology
  • Neuroprotection / drug effects
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Sensorimotor Cortex / drug effects
  • Sensorimotor Cortex / pathology
  • Transcription Factor RelA / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • IL1B protein, rat
  • Il6 protein, rat
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Interleukin-6
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Rela protein, rat
  • Transcription Factor RelA
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases