Phagolysosome resolution requires contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate signalling

Nat Cell Biol. 2019 Oct;21(10):1234-1247. doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0394-2. Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Abstract

Phosphoinositides have a pivotal role in the maturation of nascent phagosomes into microbicidal phagolysosomes. Following degradation of their contents, mature phagolysosomes undergo resolution, a process that remains largely uninvestigated. Here we studied the role of phosphoinositides in phagolysosome resolution. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), which is abundant in maturing phagolysosomes, was depleted as they tubulated and resorbed. Depletion was caused, in part, by transfer of phagolysosomal PtdIns(4)P to the endoplasmic reticulum, a process mediated by oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1L (ORP1L), a RAB7 effector. ORP1L formed discrete tethers between the phagolysosome and the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in distinct regions with alternating PtdIns(4)P depletion and enrichment. Tubules emerged from PtdIns(4)P-rich regions, where ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B (ARL8B) and SifA- and kinesin-interacting protein/pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2 (SKIP/PLEKHM2) accumulated. SKIP binds preferentially to monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, of which PtdIns(4)P is most abundant in phagolysosomes, contributing to their tubulation. Accordingly, premature hydrolysis of PtdIns(4)P impaired SKIP recruitment and phagosome resolution. Thus, resolution involves phosphoinositides and tethering of phagolysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors / genetics
  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors / metabolism
  • Animals
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism*
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / ultrastructure
  • Gene Editing
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Monocytes / metabolism*
  • Monocytes / ultrastructure
  • Phagocytosis
  • Phagosomes / metabolism*
  • Phagosomes / ultrastructure
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / metabolism*
  • Primary Cell Culture
  • Proteolysis
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Receptors, Steroid / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Steroid / genetics*
  • Receptors, Steroid / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins

Substances

  • Arl8B protein, mouse
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Receptors, Steroid
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins
  • oxysterol binding protein
  • phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
  • rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins
  • rab7 GTP-binding proteins, human
  • rab7 GTP-binding proteins, mouse
  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins