Procalcitonin and MR-proAdrenomedullin combination in the etiological diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis and septic shock

Microb Pathog. 2019 Dec:137:103763. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103763. Epub 2019 Sep 28.

Abstract

Procalcitonin and Mid-regional pro Adrenomedullin have been proposed for sepsis diagnosis, antibiotic therapy guidance and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of PCT and MR-proADM on 571 consecutive patients with sepsis diagnosis was performed. Median values were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney's test. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to define cutoff points for sepsis diagnosis. Pretest odds, posttest odds, and posttest probability have been calculated. Data were analyzed using Med-Calc 11.6.1.0 software. PCT resulted excellent in gram-negative, but less performant in gram-positive and fungal etiologies. MR-proADM values resulted homogenously distributed within the different microbial classes and increased significantly in septic shock. PCT highest PPV value was found to distinguish gram-negative from fungal sepsis and septic shock (>3. 57 ng/mL, PPV 0.96 and > 8.77 ng/mL, PPV 0.96, respectively). Good diagnostic accuracy was evidenced to discriminate gram-negative from gram-positive septic shock (>3.88 ng/mL PPV 0.89). Lower diagnostic accuracy was evidenced to discriminate gram-negative and gram-positive sepsis (>0.80 ng/mL, PPV 0.78) and gram-positive from fungal septic shock (>1.74 ng/mL PPV 0.75). The lowest PCT PPV (0.28) was found in gram-positive and fungal sepsis distinction. MR-proADM discriminating cut-offs were homogeneously distributed in Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis and were higher in septic shock, but not influenced by pathogen etiologies. MR-proADM cut-off values > 3.39 nmol/L in sepsis and >4.33 nmol/L in septic shock were associated with significant higher risk of 90-days mortality. In conclusion, PCT and MR-proADM combination represents an advantage for sepsis diagnosis and for 90-days mortality risk stratification.

Keywords: Etiology; MR-proADM; PCT; Prognosis; Sepsis.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenomedullin / pharmacology*
  • Adrenomedullin / therapeutic use
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacteria / classification
  • Bacteria / pathogenicity
  • Drug Combinations
  • Female
  • Fungi / classification
  • Fungi / pathogenicity
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Procalcitonin / pharmacology*
  • Procalcitonin / therapeutic use
  • Prognosis
  • Protein Precursors / pharmacology*
  • Protein Precursors / therapeutic use
  • ROC Curve
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sepsis / diagnosis*
  • Sepsis / drug therapy*
  • Sepsis / microbiology
  • Sepsis / mortality
  • Shock, Septic / diagnosis*
  • Shock, Septic / drug therapy*
  • Shock, Septic / microbiology
  • Shock, Septic / mortality

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Drug Combinations
  • Procalcitonin
  • Protein Precursors
  • proadrenomedullin
  • Adrenomedullin