Calorie-Restriction-Induced Insulin Sensitivity Is Mediated by Adipose mTORC2 and Not Required for Lifespan Extension

Cell Rep. 2019 Oct 1;29(1):236-248.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.084.

Abstract

Calorie restriction (CR) extends the healthspan and lifespan of diverse species. In mammals, a broadly conserved metabolic effect of CR is improved insulin sensitivity, which may mediate the beneficial effects of a CR diet. This model has been challenged by the identification of interventions that extend lifespan and healthspan yet promote insulin resistance. These include rapamycin, which extends mouse lifespan yet induces insulin resistance by disrupting mTORC2 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2). Here, we induce insulin resistance by genetically disrupting adipose mTORC2 via tissue-specific deletion of the mTORC2 component Rictor (AQ-RKO). Loss of adipose mTORC2 blunts the metabolic adaptation to CR and prevents whole-body sensitization to insulin. Despite this, AQ-RKO mice subject to CR experience the same increase in fitness and lifespan on a CR diet as wild-type mice. We conclude that the CR-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity is dispensable for the effects of CR on fitness and longevity.

Keywords: Rictor; adipose; calorie restriction; fitness; frailty; healthspan; insulin sensitivity; lifespan; lipogenesis; mTORC2.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adiposity / drug effects
  • Adiposity / physiology*
  • Animals
  • Caloric Restriction / methods
  • Energy Intake / drug effects
  • Energy Intake / physiology
  • Humans
  • Insulin / metabolism*
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology*
  • Longevity / drug effects
  • Longevity / physiology
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • Sirolimus / pharmacology

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
  • Sirolimus