Antineoplastic properties of zafirlukast against hepatocellular carcinoma via activation of mitochondrial mediated apoptosis

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Dec:109:104489. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104489. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwideand haslimited treatment options. In view of this, zafirlukast (ZAF) was administered orally to DEN-induced HCC rats to evaluate its antineoplastic properties. ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the molecular mechanism associated with ZAF therapy for HCC. We found that HCC developed as a result of lower expression of caspases 3 and 9, but their levels returned to normal when the expression of eNOS, BAX, BAD, and Cyt C was decreased and when the expression of iNOS, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2 was increased. Again, ZAF (80 mg/kg dose) treatment normalized the expression of caspase-mediated apoptotic factors, i.e. BAX and Bcl-2 proteins, as established through Western blot analysis. Later, 1H NMR-based serum metabolomics study revealed that levels of perturbed metabolites in DEN-induced rat serum returned to normal after ZAF administration. Altogether, the antineoplastic potential of ZAF was found to be comparable, and to some degree better, than the marketed chemotherapeutic 5-flurouracil, which may be beneficial for anti-HCC treatment from a future drug design perspective.

Keywords: (1)H-NMR based metabolomics; Apoptosis; Bcl-2 and BAX proteins; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Zafirlukast.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / blood
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / blood
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / chemically induced
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / drug therapy*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Diethylnitrosamine / toxicity
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Fluorouracil / pharmacology
  • Fluorouracil / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Indoles
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / blood
  • Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / chemically induced
  • Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / drug therapy*
  • Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
  • Male
  • Metabolomics
  • Mitochondria / drug effects
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Phenylcarbamates
  • Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Rats
  • Sulfonamides
  • Tosyl Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Tosyl Compounds / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Indoles
  • Phenylcarbamates
  • Sulfonamides
  • Tosyl Compounds
  • Diethylnitrosamine
  • Fluorouracil
  • zafirlukast