Decreased viability and neurite length in neural cells treated with chitosan-dextran sulfate nanocomplexes

Neurotoxicology. 2020 Jan:76:33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.001. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Abstract

CXCL12 is a chemokine known to regulate migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and to play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke. Chitosan-dextran sulfate nanocomplexes (Ch/DS NC) are known nanoparticulated systems used to efficiently deliver heparin-binding factors. Here we evaluate Ch/DS NC as carriers for CXCL12 in a mouse model of stroke. Free CXCL12 reduced the size of the ischemic brain lesion. However, when Ch/DS NC were administrated, the stroke volume increased. Neurotoxic screening revealed that Ch/DS NC reduced neuronal viability, decreased the extension of neurites and impaired NSC migration in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, neurotoxicity of Ch/DS NC has not been reported and further screenings will be needed in order to evaluate the biological safety of these nanocomposites. Our results add new data on nanoparticle neurotoxicity and may help us to better understand the complex interactions of the nanostructures with biological components.

Keywords: CXCL12; Chitosan; Dextran sulfate; Ischemic stroke; Nanocomplexes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Chemokine CXCL12 / administration & dosage*
  • Chitosan / toxicity*
  • Dextran Sulfate / toxicity*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Carriers / toxicity*
  • Encephalitis / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Nanoparticles / toxicity*
  • Neural Stem Cells / drug effects*
  • Neurites / drug effects*
  • Stroke / drug therapy*

Substances

  • Chemokine CXCL12
  • Drug Carriers
  • Chitosan
  • Dextran Sulfate