Prognostic value of YKL-40 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 41 cohort studies

Background: Serum/plasma YKL-40 can be a useful index that is associated with tumor development. However, the prognostic value of serum/plasma YKL-40 in patients with solid tumors is still unclear. We aimed to utilize the existing literature to investigate the prognostic value of serum/plasma YKL-40 in solid tumors.

Methods: An extensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted with the Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases. The effect on survival was measured with the hazard ratio (HR). Then, pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random and fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results: This meta-analysis was based on 41 publications and comprised a total of 7762 patients with solid tumors. The pooled HR showed that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.44; 95% CI 1.33-1.56). We also found that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 had significant prognostic effects on OS in various cancer subgroups such as gastrointestinal tumors (HR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.18-1.58), ovarian cancer (HR, 2.27; 95% CI 1.69-3.06), melanoma (HR, 1.77; 95% CI 1.18-2.67), lung cancer (HR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.35-2.23), urologic neoplasms (HR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.08-2.40) and glioblastoma (HR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.07-1.42); in contrast, the prognostic effect of serum/plasma YKL-40 was not statistically significant in breast cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.98-1.17).

Conclusions: The available evidence supports the hypothesis that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 is associated with poor survival in patients with solid tumors and that serum/plasma YKL-40 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.