Classification of diffuse light emission profiles for distinguishing skin layer penetration of a needle-free jet injection

Kieran A Brennan; Bryan P Ruddy; Poul M F Nielsen; Andrew J Taberner

doi:10.1364/BOE.10.005081

Classification of diffuse light emission profiles for distinguishing skin layer penetration of a needle-free jet injection

Biomed Opt Express. 2019 Sep 13;10(10):5081-5092. doi: 10.1364/BOE.10.005081. eCollection 2019 Oct 1.

Authors

Kieran A Brennan¹, Bryan P Ruddy^{1

2}, Poul M F Nielsen^{1

2}, Andrew J Taberner^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
² Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.

Abstract

In this work, a system is developed for tracking the skin layer to which a needle-free jet injection of fluid has penetrated by incorporating a laser beam into the jet, and measuring the diffuse light emitted from skin tissue. Monitoring the injection in this way offers the ability to improve the reliability of drug delivery with this transdermal delivery method. A laser beam, axially aligned with a jet of fluid, created a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection progressed. High-speed videography was used to capture the diffuse light emission from laser-coupled jet injections into samples of porcine skin, fat, and muscle. The injection produced a distribution of diffuse light around the injection site that varied as the injection descended. A classifier, trained to distinguish whether the light source was located in the fat or muscle from surface intensity profile measurements, correctly identified the injected layer in $97.2 %$ of the cases when cross-examined against estimates using the light distribution emitted from the side of the sample.