Immune checkpoint inhibitors are able to reactivate the immune system therefore enhance the anti-tumor effects. However, over-activated T cells may induce immune related adverse events (irAEs). Hematological irAEs are rarely reported, which mainly represent as mono-lineage cytopenia or pancytopenia, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), neutropenia and aplastic anemia, sometimes even lethal, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The clinical manifestations of hematological irAEs will be summarized and recommendations of diagnosis and treatment are proposed.
【中文题目：免疫检查点抑制剂相关血液毒性处理的临床诊疗建议】 【中文摘要：免疫检查点抑制剂能够重新激活免疫系统，启动肿瘤杀伤，而T细胞过度激活导致各种免疫相关不良反应。血液系统不良反应报道少见，主要表现为单系或多系血细胞减少，包括自身免疫性溶血性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症、中性粒细胞减少症，严重时表现为再生障碍性贫血，甚至可能致命，如噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症。我们将总结免疫检查点抑制剂相关血液不良反应的临床特点，并对诊断和治疗给予建议。】 【中文关键词：免疫检查点抑制剂；免疫相关不良反应；血细胞减少】.
Keywords: Cytopenia; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immune-related adverse events.