ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Osteomyelitis of the Foot in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Nov;16(11S):S440-S450. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.05.027.

Abstract

Diabetes-related foot complications such as soft-tissue infection, osteomyelitis, and neuropathic osteoarthropathy account for up to 20% of all diabetic-related North American hospital admissions. Radiography of the foot is usually appropriate as the initial screening examination in diabetic patients with suspected osteomyelitis of the foot. For follow-up examination, MRI of the foot with or without contrast enhancement demonstrates excellent soft-tissue contrast and sensitivity to marrow abnormalities with high-resolution detail in multiple anatomic planes and is usually appropriate when osteomyelitis or early neuropathic arthropathy is suspected. This publication of diabetes-related foot complications summarizes the literature and makes recommendations for imaging based on the available data. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.

Keywords: AUC; Appropriate Use Criteria; Appropriateness Criteria; Charcot foot; Diabetic foot; Foot osteomyelitis; Neuropathic osteoarthropathy; Soft-tissue ulcer; Ulcer.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Contrast Media*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus / physiopathology
  • Diabetic Foot / diagnostic imaging*
  • Diabetic Foot / pathology
  • Diagnostic Imaging / methods*
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Osteomyelitis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Osteomyelitis / etiology
  • Osteomyelitis / pathology
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / methods
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • Quality Control
  • Radiology / standards
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Societies, Medical / standards
  • Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / methods
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler / methods
  • United States

Substances

  • Contrast Media