Background: In 1989, we reported the use of the radial artery as a second target conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. However, underpowered randomized trials have reported differences in clinical outcomes between the radial artery and other grafts. As we approach 50 years of experience with radial artery grafting, we reviewed the literature to determine the second-best target vessel for coronary operations.
Methods: An electronic review of the literature with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials, propensity-matched observational series, and meta-analyses identified a large population of patients who received arterial conduit and saphenous vein grafts.
Results: The radial artery has been proven to be reliable as a second target conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, with outcomes and patency rates superior to those for saphenous vein graft. It has also been proven to be both safe and effective as a third conduit in the territory of the right coronary artery. A paucity of evidence with few comparable series limits the use of the gastroepiploic artery.
Conclusion: In its fifth decade of use, we can definitively conclude that the aorto-to-coronary radial bypass graft is the conduit of choice for coronary operations after the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery.