microRNAs: Potential glioblastoma radiosensitizer by targeting radiation-related molecular pathways

Mutat Res. 2019 Nov:816-818:111679. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.111679. Epub 2019 Oct 21.

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor. Currently, even with optimal and multimodal cancer therapies, the survival rate of GBM patients remains poor. One reason for inadequate response of GBM tumors to radiotherapy is radioresistance (RR). Thus, there is a critical need for new insights about GBM treatment to increase the chance of treatment. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory molecules that can effectively control GBM radiosensitivity (RS) by affecting radiation-related signal transduction pathways such as apoptosis, proliferation, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. miRNAs provide new clinical perspectives for developing effective GBM treatments. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that GBM RS can be modified by modulating the expression of miRNAs such as miR-7, miR-10b, miR-124, miR-128, miR-320, miR-21, miR-203, and miR-153. This paper highlights the miRNAs and the underlying molecular mechanisms that are involved in the RS of GBM. Besides highlighting the role of miRNAs in different signaling pathways, we explain the mechanisms that affect RS of GBM for modulating radiation response at the clinical level.

Keywords: Cancer; Glioblastoma; Ionizing radiation; Radiation therapy; Radiosensitivity; microRNA.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation / radiation effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / radiation effects
  • Glioblastoma / genetics*
  • Glioblastoma / radiotherapy
  • Humans
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • Radiation Tolerance / genetics*
  • Radiation Tolerance / radiation effects
  • Signal Transduction / genetics*
  • Signal Transduction / radiation effects

Substances

  • MicroRNAs