A novel in situ multiplex immunofluorescence panel for the assessment of tumor immunopathology and response to virotherapy in pediatric glioblastoma reveals a role for checkpoint protein inhibition

Affiliations

• ¹ Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ² Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³ Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
• ⁴ Department of Pathology, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁶ Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸ Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
• ⁹ Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department for Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
• ¹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹² Division of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Diagnostic Mycoplasma Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹³ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹⁴ Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹⁵ Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disordersand Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.