Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered to be the only treatment option with the promise of healing and induction of long-lasting allergen tolerance, persisting even after discontinuation of therapy. Despite a more than 100-year-long history, still only a minority of patients are being treated with AIT. Substantial developments took place in the last decade to overcome problems in standardization, efficacy, safety, high costs, long duration of treatment; and new guidelines have also been implemented. Major advancements in the understanding of AIT mechanisms with the focus on recent findings of subcutaneous and sublingual AIT have been summarized.
Keywords: Aeroallergen; Allergen immunotherapy; Allergy; Breg cells; Innate lymphoid cells; Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy; Sublingual allergen immunotherapy; Treg cells.
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.