Can pedobarography predict the occurrence of heel rocker in children with lower limb spasticity?

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2020 Jan:71:208-213. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.10.022. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Abstract

Background: Pedobarography software calculates the centre-of-pressure trajectory in relation to the foot to quantify foot contact patterns. This study presents two new pedobarography measures using the centre-of-pressure trajectory to assess heel rocker.

Methods: To validate these pedobarography measures against 3D gait analysis, emed®-x and Vicon Nexus gait analysis data were captured from 25 children aged 8-16 years (11 male) with unilateral (n = 18) and bilateral (n = 7) cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury. 3D gait analysis identified whether heel rocker was intact (n = 22 feet) or absent (n = 28 feet) based on centre-of-pressure at initial contact and the ankle kinematic curve between 0 and 2% of the gait cycle. Pedobarography measures calculated from the initial centre-of-pressure point were the distance to the heel (point of initial contact) and to the most posterior point of the trajectory (rollback), reported as a percentage of foot length.

Findings: The median point of initial contact in limbs with an intact heel rocker was 9% (range 7-12%) and median rollback was 0% (range 0-0.2%), whereas the median point of initial contact in limbs with an absent heel rocker was 58% (range 8-78%) and rollback was 18% (range 0-40%). Point of initial contact is the more accurate method for predicting heel rocker, with a threshold of 14% of foot length identifying the correct heel rocker status in 94% of cases.

Interpretation: Point of initial contact can assess heel rocker with high accuracy. Both point of initial contact and rollback provide sensitive information on foot strike pattern, enhancing the utility of pedobarography.

Keywords: Centre of pressure; First rocker; Heel rocker; Pedobarography; Plantar pressure.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Ankle / diagnostic imaging
  • Ankle / physiopathology
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Brain Injuries / diagnostic imaging*
  • Brain Injuries / physiopathology
  • Cerebral Palsy / diagnostic imaging*
  • Cerebral Palsy / physiopathology*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Gait Analysis
  • Gait*
  • Heel / diagnostic imaging*
  • Heel / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  • Male
  • Muscle Spasticity / diagnostic imaging*
  • Muscle Spasticity / physiopathology
  • Pressure
  • Reference Values
  • Regression Analysis
  • Software