Discovery and preclinical development of AR453588 as an anti-diabetic glucokinase activator

Bioorg Med Chem. 2020 Jan 1;28(1):115232. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115232. Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Abstract

Glucose flux through glucokinase (GK) controls insulin release from the pancreas in response to high levels of glucose. Flux through GK is also responsible for reducing hepatic glucose output. Since many individuals with type 2 diabetes appear to have an inadequacy or defect in one or both of these processes, identifying compounds that can activate GK could provide a therapeutic benefit. Herein we report the further structure activity studies of a novel series of glucokinase activators (GKA). These studies led to the identification of pyridine 72 as a potent GKA that lowered post-prandial glucose in normal C57BL/6J mice, and after 14d dosing in ob/ob mice.

Keywords: Diabetes; Glucokinase; Glucokinase activator; OGTT; S(0.5); Structure-aided design; Structure-based design; Type II diabetes; V(max); ob/ob mouse.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / pathology
  • Drug Design
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
  • Enzyme Activators / chemistry*
  • Enzyme Activators / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activators / therapeutic use
  • Glucokinase / chemistry*
  • Glucokinase / metabolism
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemistry*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / metabolism
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Kinetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiadiazoles / chemistry
  • Thiadiazoles / metabolism

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Enzyme Activators
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Thiadiazoles
  • Glucokinase