Through the effort in nearly 40 years of Tanzania, the total number of reported cases, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the number of death have declined, while the number of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy has increased significantly in Tanzania. At the same time, however, there are new challenges that require more attention, such as the HIV spread to rural areas, middle and lower social classes, and female teenagers. Although the overall performance of the HIV/AIDS prevention and control response is great, there is still a need to survey the new trends of this disease at the micro-level in Tanzania. In addition, there is a necessity of interdisciplinary concern due to the prevalence of heterosexual anal sex in Tanzania.
通过近40年的努力，坦桑尼亚艾滋病疫情出现了新报告数、患病率和死亡数下降，抗病毒治疗数上升的态势，但同时也出现了艾滋病疫情流向农村、中低收入社会阶层、青少年和女性等更值得关注的人群。据此，在整体意义上肯定坦桑尼亚的努力与付出，但同时更应从微观层面来审视其新动向。另外，普遍发生的异性肛交与艾滋病广泛流行的关联亟待加强人类学或者跨学科的关注。.
Keywords: Epidemiology; HIV/AIDS; Medical anthropology; Tanzania.