Different types of amyloid concomitantly present in the same patients

Different types of amyloid concomitantly present in the same patient is believed to be improbable. We reported four cases of patients with plasma cell disorders who were found to have biopsy proven concomitant different types of amyloid fibrils deposition. We characterized amyloid fibrils using immunogold electron microscopy. There is lack of experience in the treatment of these frail and elderly patients, who are on the threshold between necessity of chemotherapy for AL amyloidosis and necessity to avoid harmful treatment related toxicity. All patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible Requirements for safe SCT include systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg, troponin T <0.06 ng/mL, age <70 years, and serum creatinine ≤1.7 mg/dL Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalandexamethasone or cyclophosphamide-bortezomibdexamethasone.