1 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: [email protected].
2 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University California-Los Angeles, CA.
3 Department of Surgery, University California-Los Angeles, CA.
4 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
5 Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
6 Department of Surgery, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC.
7 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
8 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute for Quality and Safety, Baltimore, MD.