Objective: To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Results: The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (P<0.001). The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of residents aged 50 to 69 years old, other occupational groups, unmarried, the central and western region residents and the group with unclear self-assessment of cancer risk was significantly lower than that of residents younger than 40 years old, personnel of public institutions/civil servants, married, the eastern region residents and the group whose self-assessment without cancer risk (P<0.05) . The level of health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment of females, people who went to high school or over, cancer risk assessment/screening population, cancer patients and occupational population was significantly higher than that of males, people who had an education level of primary school or below and community residents (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of urban residents in China was relatively high, but there was still room for improvement. Gender, age, educational level, occupation, region, marital status, self-assessment of cancer risk, and type of respondents were the key influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Male, 50-69 years old, lower educational level, central and western regions, unclear cancer risk self-assessment, and without specific environmental exposure to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge or related risk factors were the characteristics of the key intervention group of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.
目的： 了解我国城市居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况，并探讨其相关因素。 方法： 采用横断面调查的方法，于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场，采用整群及方便抽样的方法，将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究。共纳入32 257名研究对象，社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15 524、8 016、2 289、6 428名。对肿瘤预防、早发现、早诊断、早治疗、防治知识需求等态度和意识方面的健康素养情况进行分析；比较不同人群健康素养水平；采用多因素logistic回归模型分析居民肿瘤防治健康素养的影响因素。 结果： 我国城市居民的肿瘤防治健康素养水平为56.97%；社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者和职业人群的肿瘤防治健康素养水平分别为55.01%、59.08%、61.99%、57.31%（P<0.001）。与≤39岁人群、事业单位人员/公务员、已婚、东部地区、自评无患癌风险人群相比，50~69岁、其他职业、非在婚、中西部地区、患癌风险自评不清楚者肿瘤防治健康素养水平较低（P<0.05）；与男性、小学及以下文化程度的人群及社区居民相比，女性、高中/中专以上文化程度人群、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者和职业人群的肿瘤防治健康素养水平均较高（P<0.05）。 结论： 我国城市居民肿瘤防治意识角度的健康素养水平较高，但仍有可提升空间；性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、地区、婚姻状况、患癌风险自评、人群分类等是肿瘤防治健康素养的主要影响因素；男性、50~69岁、低文化程度、中西部地区、不清楚患癌风险、无特定环境接触肿瘤防治知识及相关危险因素的人群是肿瘤防治健康素养应重点干预的人群。.
Keywords: Cross-sectional studies; Factor analysis, statistical; Health literacy; Neoplasms.