Deep cutaneous fungal infections in solid-organ transplant recipients

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Aug;83(2):455-462. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.12.064. Epub 2020 Jan 11.

Abstract

Background: Deep cutaneous fungal infections (DCFIs) are varied in immunosuppressed patients, with few data for such infections in solid-organ transplant recipients (s-OTRs).

Objective: To determine DCFI diagnostic characteristics and outcome with treatments in s-OTRs.

Methods: A 20-year retrospective observational study in France was conducted in 8 primary dermatology-dedicated centers for s-OTRs diagnosed with DCFIs. Relevant clinical data on transplants, fungal species, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Overall, 46 s-OTRs developed DCFIs (median delay, 13 months after transplant) with predominant phaeohyphomycoses (46%). Distribution of nodular lesions on limbs and granulomatous findings on histopathology were helpful diagnostic clues. Treatments received were systemic antifungal therapies (48%), systemic antifungal therapies combined with surgery (28%), surgery alone (15%), and modulation of immunosuppression (61%), leading to complete response in 63% of s-OTRs.

Limitations: Due to the retrospective observational design of the study.

Conclusions: Phaeohyphomycoses are the most common DCFIs in s-OTRs. Multidisciplinary teams are helpful for optimal diagnosis and management.

Keywords: antifungal treatment; deep cutaneous fungal infection; phaeohyphomycosis; solid-organ transplant recipients.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Dermatologic Surgical Procedures
  • Dermatomycoses / epidemiology*
  • Dermatomycoses / immunology
  • Dermatomycoses / microbiology
  • Dermatomycoses / therapy
  • Female
  • Graft Rejection / immunology
  • Graft Rejection / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Hyphae / isolation & purification
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Organ Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Phaeohyphomycosis / epidemiology*
  • Phaeohyphomycosis / immunology
  • Phaeohyphomycosis / microbiology
  • Phaeohyphomycosis / therapy
  • Prevalence
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Skin / immunology
  • Skin / microbiology
  • Transplant Recipients / statistics & numerical data*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Immunosuppressive Agents