To identify the risk factors of progression and persistence of small- and medium-sized coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in a contemporary cohort of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and to determine the relationship between CAA progression and persistence. A total of 89 KD patients with small- and medium-sized CAA were prospectively enrolled. All patients were followed up at least for 2 years by serial echocardiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate independent risk factors for CAA progression and persistence. A total of 46 (51.7%) and 73 (82.0%) patients showed echocardiographic CAA regression by 1 month and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. CAA progression was documented in 12 (13.5%) patients during follow-up. The initial aneurysm size according to CAA classification (OR 0.089, 95% CI 0.013-0.634, P = 0.016) and CAA progression (OR 42.618, 95% CI 3.740-485.6, P = 0.003) were independently associated with CAA persistence. The number of involved coronary arteries (OR 0.223, 95% CI 0.065-0.767, P = 0.015) and lymphocyte proportion (OR 1.327, 95% CI 1.019-1.727, P = 0.040) were independently associated with CAA progression.Conclusion: Patients with KD and greater initial aneurysm size, CAA progression, more involved coronary arteries, and lower lymphocyte proportion may require intensive cardiac monitoring and adjuvant therapies.What is Known:• Long-term outcomes of patients with KD and CAA are primarily driven by the consequences of CAA regression and progression.• Regression and progression occurs more frequently in patients with small- and medium-sized CAAs, and less frequently for giant CAAs.What is New:• The CAA size at diagnosis, NCAI, and the proportion of lymphocytes are presumably associated with the small- and medium-sized CAA persistence or CAA progression.• The CAA progression was associated with CAA persistence.
Keywords: Coronary artery aneurysm; Kawasaki disease; Progression; Prospective study; Regression; Risk factors.