The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020 Apr 15:506:110744. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Abstract

Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.

Keywords: Fat; Lipid accumulation; Oxidative stress; RNA-Seq; Thyroid hormone.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adipocytes, Brown / drug effects
  • Adipocytes, Brown / physiology
  • Adipocytes, White / drug effects*
  • Adipocytes, White / physiology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Cell Transdifferentiation / drug effects*
  • Cell Transdifferentiation / genetics
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Fibronectins / pharmacology*
  • Fibronectins / physiology
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Glycerol / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Leptin / genetics
  • Leptin / metabolism
  • Lipid Metabolism / drug effects*
  • Lipid Metabolism / genetics
  • Lipolysis / drug effects
  • PPAR gamma / genetics
  • PPAR gamma / metabolism
  • Subcutaneous Fat / cytology
  • Subcutaneous Fat / drug effects
  • Subcutaneous Fat / physiology
  • Triglycerides / metabolism
  • Triiodothyronine / pharmacology*
  • Triiodothyronine / physiology
  • Uncoupling Protein 1 / genetics
  • Uncoupling Protein 1 / metabolism

Substances

  • FNDC5 protein, human
  • Fibronectins
  • LEP protein, human
  • Leptin
  • PPAR gamma
  • PPARG protein, human
  • Triglycerides
  • UCP1 protein, human
  • Uncoupling Protein 1
  • Triiodothyronine
  • Glycerol