Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) has been widely used in the treatment of myopia and astigmatism due to its small incision (2 mm), without open corneal flap, rapid recovery of the ocular surface function and good comfort. However, it is the microincision and the potential cavity under the corneal cap that provide a suitable environment for microbial nourishment. In this article, the characteristics of SMILE and the particularity of postoperative infection are stated, and the key points of risk management and control during the period of operation as well as the principles of identification and treatment of infection after SMILE surgery are put forward, so as to enhance the perioperative preparation in SMILE and make sure of the safety and high quality for myopic eyes. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 86-88).
飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出（SMILE）手术以切口微小（2 mm）、无开放角膜瓣以及眼表功能恢复快、舒适度好等优点，受到眼科医师和近视眼患者的青睐，近年来在国内得以推广开展。但正是其切口微小及角膜帽内存在腔隙，为微生物滋养提供了良好环境。本文通过阐述SMILE手术的特点及术后感染的特殊性，提出手术前和手术中操作的风险管理和控制要点以及手术后感染类型的鉴别和处理原则，以期临床进一步强化SMILE手术围手术期工作，为手术患者保驾护航。（中华眼科杂志，2020，56：86-88）.
Keywords: Corneal stroma; Corneal surgery, laser; Intraoperative complications; Laser, femtosecond; Surgical wound infection.