On the occasion of the 70(th) anniversary of the founding of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, we review the establishment and development of Chinese Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (CAPOS) and the major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric eye diseases in China since 1949, so as to remember our predecessors and inspire young generations, and to provide important reference for the future clinical and scientific research. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:161-165).
时值《中华眼科杂志》创刊70周年之际，回顾我国斜视与小儿眼科专业的学科发展和建设历程、专业诊疗技术进展历程，一方面再现新中国斜视与小儿眼科专业诊疗技术方面所取得的辉煌成绩，同时也为国内斜视与小儿眼科专业同道今后的临床和科研工作提供参考，并以此缅怀前辈，激励后人，为中国眼科事业发展砥砺前行！（中华眼科杂志，2020，56：161-165）.
Keywords: Amblyopia; Child; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Ophthalmologic surgical procedures; Retrospective studies; Strabismus.