Zoonosis: Update on Existing and Emerging Vector-Borne Illnesses in the USA

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep. 2019;7(3):91-106. doi: 10.1007/s40138-019-00189-y. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review describes mosquito- and tick-borne diseases found in the Western Hemisphere. It focuses on emerging diseases and recent geographic shifts in the presence of disease vectors.

Recent findings: Mosquito and tick vectors have become more widespread as environmental conditions have become more favorable. Zika recently has emerged as a concern for fetal anomalies. West Nile Virus has become widespread. Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are more prevalent in areas previously inhospitable to these ticks.

Summary: Healthcare providers must consider the possibility of mosquito- and tick-borne diseases in broader geographic areas and council patients traveling to endemic areas on precautions against these diseases. Treatment for suspected cases of serious tick-borne illnesses should not be delayed pending culture results.

Keywords: Lyme; Mosquito; Tick; Vector-borne; Zika; Zoonosis.

Publication types

  • Review