Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients

J Med Virol. 2020 Sep;92(9):1684-1689. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25946. Epub 2020 May 5.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be determined. Here, 26 cases of COVID-19 in Jinan, China, were examined and shown to be mild or with common clinical symptoms, and no case of severe symptoms was found among these patients. Strikingly, a subset of these patients had SARS-CoV-2 and virus-specific IgG coexist for an unexpectedly long time, with two cases for up to 50 days. One COVID-19 patient who did not produce any SARS-CoV-2-bound IgG successfully cleared SARS-CoV-2 after 46 days of illness, revealing that without antibody-mediated adaptive immunity, innate immunity alone may still be powerful enough to eliminate SARS-CoV-2. This report may provide a basis for further analysis of both innate and adaptive immunity in SARS-CoV-2 clearance, especially in nonsevere cases.

Keywords: COVID-19; IgG; SARS-CoV-2; antibody; immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology*
  • Biomarkers
  • COVID-19 / blood
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / virology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
  • Viral Load
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Biomarkers
  • Immunoglobulin G