Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics on bacterial resistance through analyzing the use of common antibiotics and the bacterial prevalence in single-center burn ward. Methods: The epidemiological data of pathogenic bacteria and the use of common antibiotics in burn ward of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College was investigated in the past 9 years. Bacteria samples were collected from the wounds, catheters, blood, feces, urine and sputum of inpatients in the unit from January 2010 to December 2018. The antibiotics use density was calculated by defined daily doses (DDDs)/(1 000 patient-days). Results: (1) In the proportion of bacteria detected, Staphylococcus aureus was the first and sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumonia (19.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (11.5%) were the top three Gram-negative bacteria in 2018; the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly increased (R(2)=0.861, P<0.001). (2) The Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance rate to ceftazidime (R(2)=0.447, P=0.049) and ciprofloxacin (R(2)=0.663, P=0.008) increased significantly. The Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance rate to piperacillin (R(2)=0.999, P=0.018), meropenem (R(2)=0.999, P=0.023), ciprofloxacin (R(2)=1.000, P=0.010) increased significantly. There was no significant trend in the Acinetobacter baumannii resistance rate. (3) The use density of meropenem increased significantly (R(2)=0.492, P=0.035), and that of ciprofloxacin decreased significantly (R(2)=0.572, P=0.018). (4) Carbapenems use density was positively correlated with resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefoperazone sulbactam (r=0.733, P=0.025), piperacillin tazobactam (r=0.684, P=0.042), cefuroxime (r=0.821, P=0.023), ceftazidime (r=0.741, P=0.022), imipenem (r=0.718, P=0.029), meropenem (r=0.690, P=0.040), amikacin (r=0.750, P=0.020). (5) Ciprofloxacin use density was negatively correlated with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance rate to ceftazidime (r=-0.751, P=0.020), Ciprofloxacin (r=-0.873, P=0.002) and with the Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance rate to cefuroxime (r=-0.767, P=0.044), ceftazidime (r=-0.712, P=0.031), imipenem (r=-0.780, P=0.013), meropenem (r=-0.793, P=0.011), ciprofloxacin (r=-0.871, P=0.002), Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (r=-0.793, P=0.011). Conclusion: Carbapenems can induce Klebsiella pneumoniae to be multiple drug resistance; through the relationship between ciprofloxacin use intensity and drug resistance, the strategy of only restricting a certain antimicrobial agent may not restore the bacterial sensitivity.
目的： 对单中心烧伤病房抗菌药物的使用及细菌耐药性进行分析，探讨抗菌药物使用对细菌耐药有无影响。 方法： 调查上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院烧伤整形科烧伤病房近9年病原菌流行病学资料及常用抗菌药物使用情况，细菌标本采集自2010年1月—2018年12月住院患者的创面、导管、血液、粪便、尿液、痰。抗菌药物使用强度，用规定日剂量频数（DDDs）/（1 000人天）来统计。 结果： （1）细菌检出构成比中，金黄色葡萄球菌为第一位，但对糖肽类抗菌药物都敏感。2018年肺炎克雷伯菌（19.8%），铜绿假单胞菌（11.9%），鲍曼不动杆菌（11.5%）为革兰阴性菌前三位；肺炎克雷伯菌检出构成比显著上升（R(2)=0.861，P<0.001）。（2）铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶（R(2)=0.447，P=0.049）、环丙沙星（R(2)=0.663，P=0.008）耐药率显著上升；肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林（R(2)=0.999，P=0.018）、美罗培南（R(2)=0.999，P=0.023）、环丙沙星（R(2)=1.000，P=0.010）耐药率显著上升；鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率没有显著变化。（3）美罗培南（R(2)=0.492，P=0.035）使用强度显著上升，环丙沙星使用强度显著下降（R(2)=0.572，P=0.018）。（4）碳青霉烯类使用强度与肺炎克雷伯菌对头胞哌酮舒巴坦（r=0.733，P=0.025）、哌拉西林他唑巴坦（r=0.684，P=0.042）、头孢呋辛（r=0.821，P=0.023）、头孢他啶（r=0.741，P=0.022）、亚胺培南（r=0.718，P=0.029）、美罗培南（r=0.690，P=0.040）、阿米卡星（r=0.750，P=0.020）耐药率呈正相关。（5）环丙沙星使用强度与铜绿假单胞菌的头孢他啶（r=-0.751，P=0.020）、环丙沙星（r=-0.873，P=0.002）耐药率呈负相关，与肺炎克雷伯菌的头孢呋辛（r=-0.767，P=0.044）、头孢他啶（r=-0.712，P=0.031）、亚胺培南（r=-0.780，P=0.013）、美罗培南（r=-0.793，P=0.011）、环丙沙星（r=-0.871，P=0.002）、磺胺甲▉唑/甲氧苄啶（r=-0.793，P=0.011）耐药率呈负相关。 结论： 碳青霉烯类抗菌药物使用会诱导肺炎克雷伯菌产生多重耐药；从环丙沙星用药强度与细菌耐药性变化看，单纯强制限制某种抗菌药物使用策略可能不能恢复细菌对它的敏感。.
Keywords: Anti-bacterial agents; Burns; Drug resistance; Pathogen.