Systemic Inflammatory Markers Predict Detrimental Outcome of Urosepsis in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Transplant Proc. 2020 Oct;52(8):2382-2387. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.107. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Abstract

Background: Urosepsis is a frequent cause of hospitalization among kidney transplant recipients (KTxR). Systemic inflammatory markers may reflect disease severity; nevertheless, their predictive value has not been evaluated in KTxRs.

Aims: We sought to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of blood-derived systemic inflammatory markers during urosepsis in KTxR.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 80 transplant recipients who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2017 due to urosepsis and followed for at least 1 year. Multiple parameters were calculated from medical records. The study endpoint was defined as death, graft loss, or a more than double serum creatinine level compared with baseline.

Results: Seventeen patients reached an endpoint and presented at admission significantly lower total serum protein [g/dL] (5.0 ± 0.6 vs 6.0 ± 0.7) and higher urea [mg/dL] (161, 118-218 vs 80, 56-125), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (20.0, 12.5-48.3 vs 12.9, 7.0-20.1), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (447, 203-706 vs 231, 160-357), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) (8.5, 5.6-10.4 vs 5.3, 2.9-8.5), and maximal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (6, 4-7 vs 3, 3-5). Among blood markers, NLR showed the strongest correlation with C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, creatinine, urea, and maximal SOFA score. The NLR cut-off value >15 predicted endpoint occurrence with 59% specificity and 75% sensitivity (area under the curve [AUC] 0.67, P = .038). The combined impact of NLR, urea, and total serum protein increased the prognostic precision (sensitivity 85% and specificity 84%, AUC = 0.88, P < .001).

Conclusions: The combined impact of NLR, urea, and total serum protein identifies KTxR who are at risk of a bad outcome after urosepsis and require more meticulous care.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Area Under Curve
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Cell Count*
  • Blood Platelets
  • C-Reactive Protein / analysis
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Lymphocytes
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutrophils
  • Organ Dysfunction Scores
  • Postoperative Complications / blood*
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / mortality
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sepsis / blood*
  • Sepsis / etiology
  • Sepsis / mortality
  • Urinary Tract Infections / blood*
  • Urinary Tract Infections / etiology
  • Urinary Tract Infections / mortality

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein