Association of smoking habits with TXNIP DNA methylation levels in leukocytes among general Japanese population

PLoS One. 2020 Jul 1;15(7):e0235486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235486. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (TXN), leading to increased oxidative stress. Expression of the TXNIP gene is regulated by DNA methylation. However, no study has reported the influence of lifestyle factors on TXNIP DNA methylation. Our goal was to determine the association between smoking habits and TXNIP DNA methylation levels in a Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 417 subjects (180 males and 237 females) participating in a health examination. We used a pyrosequencing assay to determine TXNIP DNA methylation levels in leukocytes. The mean TXNIP DNA methylation level in current smokers (75.3%) was significantly lower than that in never and ex-smokers (never: 78.1%, p < 0.001; ex: 76.9%, p = 0.013). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the OR for TXNIP DNA hypomethylation was significantly higher in current smokers than that in never smokers, and significantly higher in current smokers with years of smoking ≥ 35 and Brinkman Index ≥ 600 compared to that in non-smokers. In conclusion, we found that current smokers had TXNIP DNA hypomethylation compared to never and ex-smokers. Moreover, long-term smoking and high smoking exposure also were associated with TXNIP DNA hypomethylation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carrier Proteins / genetics*
  • DNA Methylation*
  • Female
  • Habits*
  • Humans
  • Japan
  • Leukocytes / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Smoking / genetics*

Substances

  • Carrier Proteins
  • TXNIP protein, human

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Nos. 26293144, 17K09139, and 16H06277 to KS. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.