North East London coronavirus disease 2019 protocol for diagnostics in two-week wait head and neck cancer patients

J Laryngol Otol. 2020 Aug;134(8):680-683. doi: 10.1017/S0022215120001267. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic requires urgent modification to existing head and neck cancer diagnosis and management practices. A protocol was established that utilises risk stratification, early investigation prior to clinical review and a reduction in aerosol generating procedures to lessen the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 spread.

Methods: Two-week wait referrals were stratified into low, intermediate and high risk. Low risk patients were referred back to primary care with advice; intermediate and high risk patients underwent investigation. Clinical encounters and aerosol generating procedures were minimised. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic surgical approach was undertaken where possible.

Results: Forty-one patients were used to assess feasibility. Thirty-one per cent were low risk, 35 per cent were intermediate and 33 per cent were high risk. Thirty-three per cent were discharged with no imaging.

Conclusion: Implementing this protocol reduces the future burden on tertiary services, by empowering primary care physicians to re-refer low risk patients. The protocol is applicable across the UK and avoids diagnostic delay.

Keywords: COVID-19; Diagnostic Imaging; Head And Neck Neoplasms; Histopathology; Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Head And Neck; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule.

MeSH terms

  • Aerosols
  • Betacoronavirus / isolation & purification
  • Biopsy, Fine-Needle / instrumentation
  • COVID-19
  • Clinical Protocols
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / transmission*
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Delayed Diagnosis / prevention & control
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery
  • Humans
  • London / epidemiology
  • Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / statistics & numerical data*
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
  • Pneumonia, Viral / transmission*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / virology
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / methods
  • Referral and Consultation
  • Risk Assessment
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / surgery
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional / methods

Substances

  • Aerosols