School and pre-school children with type 1 diabetes during Covid-19 quarantine: The synergic effect of parental care and technology

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Aug:166:108302. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108302. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Abstract

Introduction: Management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) poses numerous challenges, especially for young children and their families. Parental care positively influencesthe outcomesofchildren with T1D, while there are often criticisms in school environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced children and parents to spend many hours at home and diabetes care has returned mainly in the hands of parents.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of exclusive return to parental care in pre-school and school children with T1D treated with Tandem Basal IQ system during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients and methods: 22 children (M:F = 14:8) with T1D have been evaluated. We compared insulin and CGM data (TIR, TBR and TAR) of two periods: PRE-COV and IN-COV, in which children have transitioned from normal school attendance to the exclusive care of their parents.

Results: During the IN-COV period a significantly (p < 0.001) higher median value of TIR (66,41%) was observed as compared to PRE-COV period (61,45%). Patients also showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.002) between the IN-COV period and the PRE-COV period as concerning the TAR metric: respectively 29,86 ± 10,6% vs 34,73 ± 12,8%. The difference between the bolus insulin doses was statistically significant (PRE-COV 5,3 IU/day, IN-COV 7,9 IU/day - p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our observational real-life study confirms the positive effect of parental care in T1D very young children and demonstrates that during the COVID-19 pandemic it was possible to obtain a good glycometabolic compensation despite the significant change in lifestyle.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Betacoronavirus / isolation & purification*
  • COVID-19
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / prevention & control*
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / virology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Insulin / therapeutic use*
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Pandemics / prevention & control*
  • Parents / psychology*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
  • Pneumonia, Viral / prevention & control*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / virology
  • Prognosis
  • Quarantine / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin