Gender and age differences in the association between sleep characteristics and fasting glucose levels in Chinese adults

Diabetes Metab. 2021 Mar;47(2):101174. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.001. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Abstract

Aim: The present study examined the associations between night-time sleep duration, midday napping duration and bedtime, and fasting glucose levels, and whether or not such associations are dependent on gender and age.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 172,901 adults aged≥40 years living in mainland China. Sleep duration was obtained by self-reports of bedtime at night, waking-up time the next morning and average napping duration at midday. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥7.0mmol/L was defined as hyperglycaemia. Independent associations between night-time sleep duration, midday naptime duration and bedtime with hyperglycaemia were evaluated using regression models.

Results: Compared with night-time sleep durations of 6-7.9h, both short (<6h) and long (≥8h) night-time sleep durations were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia in women [odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.29 and OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.21, respectively], and revealed a U-shaped distribution of risk in women and no significant association in men. Long midday nap durations (≥1h) were significantly but weakly associated with hyperglycaemia (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09) compared with no napping without interactions from gender or age, whereas the association between bedtime and fasting glucose levels did vary according to gender and age.

Conclusion: Night-time sleep duration, midday napping duration and bedtime were all independently associated with the risk of hyperglycaemia, and some of the associations between these sleep characteristics and hyperglycaemia were gender- and age-dependent.

Keywords: Fasting glucose; Hyperglycaemia; Sleep duration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Asian People / statistics & numerical data*
  • Blood Glucose / analysis*
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Fasting* / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Sleep*

Substances

  • Blood Glucose