Clinical Features and Outcomes of 23 Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience

Turk J Haematol. 2020 Nov 19;37(4):271-281. doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0334. Epub 2020 Aug 19.

Abstract

Objective: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immune deficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of a WAS cohort.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical courses, immunological features, treatments, and outcomes in a total of 23 WAS patients together with data related to 11 transplanted cases among them between 1982 and 2019.

Results: Before admission, 11 patients (48%) were misdiagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. WAS scores were mostly 4 or 5. Eleven patients were transplanted and they had an overall survival rate of 100% during a median follow-up period of 8.5 years (range: 8 months to 20 years). Five patients who were not transplanted died at a median of 7 years (range: 2-26 years). Nontransplanted patients had high morbidity due to organ damage, mostly caused by autoimmunity, bleeding, and infections. Two novel mutations were also defined.

Conclusion: All male babies with microthrombocytopenia should be evaluated for WAS. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be performed at the earliest age with the best possible donors.

Amaç: Wiskott-Aldrich Sendromu (WAS) X’e bağlı geçen mikrotrombositopeni, egzema ve tekrarlayan enfeksiyonlarla karakterize bir primer immün yetmezliktir.

Gereç ve yöntemler: 1982-2019 yılları arasında izlediğimiz toplam 23 WAS’li hastanın klinik seyirleri, immünolojik özellikleri ve nakil yapılan 11 hastanın nakil ilişkili verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Başvurudan önce 11 hasta yanlışlıkla immün trombositopeni tanısı almıştı. WAS skoru çoğunlukla 4 ve 5 puandı. On bir hastaya nakil yapıldı ve ortanca 8,5 yıl (8 ay-20 yıl) izlem süresinde hayatta kalma oranı %100 oldu. Nakil yapılamayan 5 hasta ortanca 7 yılda (2-26 yıl) kaybedildi. Nakil yapılmayan hastalar çoğunlukla otoimmünite, kanama ve enfeksiyonların neden olduğu organ hasarları nedeniyle yüksek morbiditeye sahipti. Ayrıca, iki yeni mutasyon tanımlandı.

Sonuç: Mikrotrombositopenisi olan tüm erkek bebekler WAS açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Hematopoetik kök hücre nakli mümkün olan en iyi donörlerle en erken yaşta yapılmalıdır.

Keywords: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Microthrombocytopenia; Outcome.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Biomarkers
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Disease Management
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Female
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Patient Outcome Assessment
  • Phenotype*
  • Prognosis
  • Reinfection / etiology
  • Symptom Assessment
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome / complications
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome / etiology
  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome / therapy
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous