Can Playfulness be Stimulated? A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Online Playfulness Intervention Study on Effects on Trait Playfulness, Well-Being, and Depression

Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2021 Feb;13(1):129-151. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12220. Epub 2020 Aug 25.

Abstract

Background: While there are numerous applications of play-based interventions, there is little research on playfulness-based interventions. We applied interventions that aim at stimulating playfulness and test effects on happiness and depressive symptoms.

Method: In a randomised placebo-controlled online intervention, N = 533 participants were assigned to one of three 1-week playfulness conditions (i.e. three playful things, using playfulness in a new way, and counting playfulness) or a placebo condition. Participants reported on global playfulness, facets of playfulness, well-being, and depression at pretest, posttest, and at follow-ups after 2, 4, and 12 weeks.

Results: All interventions increased expressions in all facets of playfulness, had short-term effects on well-being, and ameliorated depression.

Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that playfulness can be stimulated by short self-administered interventions.

Keywords: depression; happiness; intervention; playfulness; well-being.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Depression* / therapy
  • Happiness
  • Humans
  • Internet-Based Intervention*